Cyto-Genotoxic Impacts of Antimony Tin Oxide (ATO) Nanoparticles on <i>Allium cepa</i> Root Meristem Cells: An Integrative Experimental and in Silico Approach.

ABSTRACT: In this study, antimony tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles (NPs) were evaluated for their cyto-genotoxic effects on Allium cepa root tips, as their widespread use in industrial and electronic applications raises concerns about possible environmental release and biological hazards that remain largely unexplored. The ATO NPs were characterized using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), confirming high structural uniformity and crystallinity. Root tips were exposed to 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL of ATO NPs for 4 h, and cyto-genotoxicity was assessed using the Allium anaphase-telophase and alkaline comet assays. ATO NPs caused a significant concentration-dependent decrease in mitotic index (MI) and

SUBMITTER: Liman R 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12902866 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature