Cannabis and nicotine use are independently associated with adverse surgical, medical, and psychosocial outcomes following upper extremity fracture fixation.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Marijuana use is rising in the United States, yet its impact on perioperative outcomes remains poorly understood, particularly in orthopaedic trauma where cessation is often not feasible. This study evaluates the risks associated with cannabis and nicotine use in patients undergoing fixation of upper extremity fractures.

Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of adult trauma patients with upper extremity fractures (2015-2023) identified using CPT codes for surgical fixation in the TriNetX database. Four cohorts were defined: cannabis-only users (n = 801), nicotine-only users (n = 14,310), concurrent users (n = 901), and non-users matched 1:1 to each exposure cohort. Propensity score matching was applied to each pairwise comparison. Primary outcomes were sur

SUBMITTER: Hamad CD 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12903482 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature