Assembling the puzzle of antimicrobial resistance in staphylococcal biofilms.

ABSTRACT: Multiple mechanisms underpinning biofilm antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have been studied individually. This study aimed to integrate these mechanisms, to understand their contributions to staphylococcal biofilm AMR, as a part of a whole, and to elucidate key hurdles hindering effective biofilm eradication by antimicrobial agents. Nine antibiotics were selected against microplate-based biofilms formed by Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A. Four mechanisms, including repressed bacterial metabolism, the barrier effect of the biofilm extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix, the acidic inner-biofilm pH, and inoculum effects associated with high-cell-density biofilm growth were studied. The impact of individual mechanism on biofilm AMR wa

SUBMITTER: Nguyen T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12903938 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature