In-silico target prediction and pathway analysis of propranolol as a potential therapeutic agent for hepatocellular carcinoma.

ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains lethal despite multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy, motivating the repurposing of safe, widely available agents. To delineate the anti-HCC potential of propranolol through an in-silico network pharmacology and molecular structure-based study, 70 intersecting potential anti-HCC targets were retrieved from the SwissTargetPrediction and GeneCards databases. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis identified a network of 64 interconnected nodes exhibiting a high average node degree of 9.84, highlighting target centrality. Subsequent hub analysis isolated nine pivotal proteins (SRC, EGFR, CCND1, JAK2, ERBB2, PARP1, CDK4, CDK2, CHEK1) with degree centrality values exceeding 23.2, more than twice the network average. Gene Ontology a

SUBMITTER: Ahmad I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12904466 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature