Ontology highlight
ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Wu H
PROVIDER: S-EPMC12907308 | biostudies-literature | 2026
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

Frontiers in medicine 20260202
<h4>Background</h4>Chronic non-specific low back pain (CLBP) imposes a substantial healthcare burden. For CLBP, non-pharmacologic pain management within physical therapy/rehabilitation commonly relies on therapeutic exercise (exercise therapy). Aquatic interventions such as exercise and balneotherapy are widely prescribed to treat CLBP, but their comparative effectiveness against land-based exercise, and multi-model programs remain unclear. We performed a network meta-analysis of randomized cont ...[more]