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In water or on land? A network meta-analysis of aquatic and land-based exercise interventions for pain and disability in chronic lower back pain.


ABSTRACT:

SUBMITTER: Wu H 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12907308 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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In water or on land? A network meta-analysis of aquatic and land-based exercise interventions for pain and disability in chronic lower back pain.

Wu Hao H   Diao Penglin P   Del Coso Juan J   Liu Xiaoyu X   Min Yiwei Y   Ran Ruimeng R   Qiu Bopeng B   Zhang Yinkai Y   Wang Ziyu Z   Petersen Carl C  

Frontiers in medicine 20260202


<h4>Background</h4>Chronic non-specific low back pain (CLBP) imposes a substantial healthcare burden. For CLBP, non-pharmacologic pain management within physical therapy/rehabilitation commonly relies on therapeutic exercise (exercise therapy). Aquatic interventions such as exercise and balneotherapy are widely prescribed to treat CLBP, but their comparative effectiveness against land-based exercise, and multi-model programs remain unclear. We performed a network meta-analysis of randomized cont  ...[more]

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