Efficacy and safety of probiotic/synbiotic supplementation for osteoporosis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of probiotic/synbiotic supplementation for osteoporosis.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were used to screen studies up to October 2025. Data pooling used standardized mean differences (SMD) or risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sensitivity analysis assessed result stability. Review Manager 5.4 and STATA 15.1 were used to analyze. Publication bias was assessed by Egger's test and funnel plots. Evidence for each outcome was evaluated and graded according to GRADE.

Results

Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 732 patients were included. Significant improvements in lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) (SMD: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.01, 1.69; P = 0.049) and parathyroid

SUBMITTER: Wang X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12909203 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature