Reduced Versus Oxidized NAD⁺ Precursors Drive Distinct Transcriptomic, Proteomic, and Metabolic Profiles in Hepatocytes.

ABSTRACT: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) is a vital molecule, serving as a redox cofactor and the limiting substrate for numerous enzymes. NAD⁺ decline is a key feature of aging, while supplementation with NAD⁺ precursors can efficiently counteract aging traits and prevent age-associated conditions in preclinical models. However, clinical translation remains challenging, likely due to the limited NAD⁺ boosting capacity of classical precursors, such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and nicotinamide riboside (NR). This has brought attention to their reduced forms, reduced NMN (NMNH) and reduced NR (NRH), which are more potent NAD⁺ boosters but remain poorly characterized. Here, we performed a comprehensive comparative analysis using

SUBMITTER: Vinten KT 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12911941 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature