Cultural adaptation and content validation of the WHO BeSD framework for HPV vaccination in Pakistan: A two-phase Delphi and cognitive interview study.

ABSTRACT:

Background

The BeSD Framework (Behavioral and Social Drivers of Vaccination), developed by the World Health Organization, provides a structured approach to understanding the behavior and social drivers of vaccine uptake. However, it's direct use in diverse cultural backgrounds especially in the context of HPV vaccination, is not yet established. Therefore, this study aimed to culturally adapt and establish content validity of the BeSD framework for assessing behavioral and social drivers of Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Pakistan.

Methods

A two-phase multi-method cross-cultural adaptation with expert content validation and cognitive interviews was used following the emic-etic paradigm and globally accepted Beaton's cross-cultural adaptation guidelines. The initial

SUBMITTER: Noreen K 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12912614 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature