An H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus vaccine that elicits cross-protective antibodies against conserved domains of H5 and N1 glycoproteins.

ABSTRACT: The continuous evolution and global spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses, particularly clade 2.3.4.4b, pose major challenges for pandemic preparedness. This study evaluates a low-dose inactivated split-virus vaccine derived from H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, formulated with an Alum/CpG adjuvant, in a preclinical female mouse model. The vaccine induces strong humoral and cellular immunity, generating high titers of cross-reactive antibodies against diverse H5 hemagglutinin (HA) and across different N1 neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins. The Alum/CpG adjuvant supports substantial antigen dose sparing and promotes a balanced Th1/Th2 profile. Functional assays show potent virus neutralization, neuraminidase inhibition, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, alongside rob

SUBMITTER: Puente-Massaguer E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12913899 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature