Hydrogel microspheres loaded with sinomenine and Drynaria rhizome enhance the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis via immune regulation and promoting bone repair.

ABSTRACT: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic synovial inflammation, cartilage destruction, and bone loss. Current therapeutic approaches are often limited by short drug half-life, insufficient local drug release, and substantial systemic side effects.In this study, we developed a composite thermosensitive hydrogel system that integrates in situ gelation, sustained drug release, and multitarget therapeutic effects for localized precision treatment of RA.The system consists of a thermosensitive hydrogel matrix composed of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), hyaluronic acid (HA), and glycerol, in which gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel microspheres are embedded. The microspheres efficiently encapsulate Drynaria rhizome-derived extracellular vesicles (DR-EV

SUBMITTER: Cai L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12915010 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature