Ultrafast Nonlinear Dynamics of Indium Tin Oxide Nanocrystals Probed via Fieldoscopy.

ABSTRACT: Scalable, high-speed, small-footprint photonic switching platforms are essential for advancing optical communication. An effective optical switch must operate at high duty cycles with fast recovery times, while maintaining substantial modulation depth and full reversibility. Colloidal nanocrystals, such as indium tin oxide (ITO), offer a scalable platform to meet these requirements. In this work, the transmission of ITO nanocrystals near their epsilon-near-zero wavelength is modulated by two-cycle optical pulses at a repetition rate of one megahertz. The modulator exhibits a broad bandwidth spanning from 2 to 2.5 µm. Sensitive fieldoscopy measurements resolve the transient electric-field response of the ITO for the first time, showing that the modulation remains reversible for excitation f

SUBMITTER: Herbst A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12915141 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature