Urinary metabolite signatures as predictive biomarkers for estrus detection in water buffaloes: a proton-NMR based study.

ABSTRACT: Developing a reliable, field ready estrus detection method is crucial for improving buffalo reproduction due to their subtle and poorly expressed estrus signs. This study investigated estrus phase-specific urinary metabolites in cyclic Murrah buffaloes (n=6) using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H-NMR). A total of 90 urinary metabolites were identified, with 15 consistently detected across all animals during the estrus phases (proestrus, estrus and diestrus). PCA highlighted p-cresol, ornithine, phenol, chlorogenate, quinolinate, hippurate and 2-hydroxyisobutyrate as key metabolites differentiating the estrus phases. PLS-DA identified p-cresol and phenol for estrus; chlorogenate and o-acetylcholine for proestrus and ornithine in diestrus as the potential urinary markers for

SUBMITTER: Sangwan S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12915391 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature