Leonurine Mitigates Experimental Autoimmune Prostatitis by Modulating Macrophage M1 Polarization Through the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

ABSTRACT: Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) constitutes a clinically complex urological condition defined by the persistence of pelvic pain and chronic inflammation. Emerging evidence underscores the critical involvement of macrophage-mediated immune dysregulation, particularly the dominance of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, in driving CP/CPPS pathogenesis. Leonurine, a bioactive alkaloid derived from leonuri, exhibits various pharmacological properties and has been shown to regulate macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis. This study aimed to evaluate leonurine's therapeutic efficacy in a murine experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) model, established by subcutaneous injection of complete Freund's adjuvant-emulsified prostate antigens. Leonurine administration

SUBMITTER: Hu RJ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12916543 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature