MVA-Spike encoding the A subunit of dmLT safely enhances systemic and mucosal immune responses.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Mucosal immunity provides frontline protection at respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital surfaces, where secretory IgA and tissue-resident T cells such as TH17 limit colonization and early replication of pathogens. Conventional parenteral vaccines typically induce robust systemic immunity but fail to elicit strong mucosal responses. Therefore, the development of safe and effective strategies to enhance mucosal immunity remains a key priority in vaccine research.

Methods

We designed a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) construct expressing the double mutated heat-labile enterotoxin (dmLT) or only its double mutated A subunit (dmLT-A) together with Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. C57BL/6 mice were immunized either intramuscularly or intranasally and immune r

SUBMITTER: Rambichler S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12916580 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature