Immune Profiling Identifies High-Risk Neutrophil-Rich Subtype in Checkpoint Inhibitor Nephritis.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) (ICI-AIN) is the leading cause of ICI-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). ICI-AIN is characterized by mononuclear immune infiltrates, although the mechanisms behind their toxicity remain unclear. We aimed to characterize these infiltrates in kidney biopsies and assess their correlation with clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 49 biopsy-proven ICI-AIN cases using multiplex immunofluorescence to quantify immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, B cells, T cells, and plasmocytes). Unsupervised clustering was used to identify patient groups, which we then correlated with clinical presentation and outcomes. Finally, we explored the role of C5a/C5

SUBMITTER: Boudhabhay I 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12918167 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature