Sex-specific difference on anxiety- and depressive-like behavior in neuronal growth regulator 1-knockout mice.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Sex differences are evident in anxiety and depression, and women more frequently present with comorbid anxiety and depression alongside gastrointestinal disturbances. This pattern suggests contributions from sex-specific biological mechanisms and gut-brain communication. Negr1, a molecule regulating neuronal growth and connectivity, has been linked to depression-relevant behaviors in animal models. However, its mechanisms and potential sex-specific effects remain unclear.

Methods

Behavioral tests were used to assess phenotypes related to depression, anxiety, and learning in male and female wild-type (WT) and Negr1^-/- mice, and molecular assays were performed to evaluate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and apoptosis in the brain, liver, and colon. Beha

SUBMITTER: Lee SR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12918530 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature