Physiological restorative benefits of different types of urban green spaces: a threshold model approach.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

As urbanization accelerates, understanding the specific health benefits of green spaces is crucial. This study investigates the physiological restorative effects of Urban Parks (UP), Remnant Forests (RF), and Wetland Parks (WP).

Methods

We employed a novel physiological health effects (PHE) threshold model and EEG data to analyze participant responses to short-term exposure in these environments, establishing efficiency and benefit thresholds.

Results

While all types provided benefits, they exhibited distinct patterns. UP demonstrated the most rapid and stable physiological stress reduction. Conversely, RF and WP elicited heightened physiological alertness (likely due to dense vegetation) but were subjectively perceived as having higher restorative potent

SUBMITTER: Ma D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12921484 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature