Integrated Phosphoproteomics Identifies TGFβ-Dependent Phosphorylation Events Linking Kinase Signaling to Autophagy in Palatogenesis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Cleft palate (CP) is a prevalent craniofacial malformation, with the TGFβ pathway playing a critical role. Recent evidence links autophagy to regulating mouse embryonic palatal mesenchyme (MEPM) cells, but its interaction with TGFβ-activated phosphorylation cascades remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the interplay between these pathways during palatogenesis.

Methods

H&E and IHC analyses revealed increased expression of Beclin 1 and LC3 during the critical period of palatal shelf elevation and fusion (E13.5-E15.5). Bulk RNA sequencing (Bulk RNA-seq) further revealed enrichment of autophagy-related pathways and their interaction with TGFβ signaling. TMT-based phosphoproteomics was performed on TGFβ2-treated MEPM cells.

Results

We identified 23,471

SUBMITTER: Peng X 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12921946 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature