Three Forms of Korean American Indirect Parental Warmth: Associations With Maternal Predictors and Adolescent Outcomes.

ABSTRACT: Korean American parents express warmth indirectly (e.g., through devoted attention), which can be contrasted with explicit expressions of warmth (e.g., stating love, hugging). This study investigated three distinct forms of indirect warmth. Thoughtfulness involves parents anticipating and meeting children's needs before they are expressed. Devotion to education concerns prioritizing a supportive learning environment over parental interests. Guan behavior involves communicating clear standards to children, in a manner sensitive to their abilities. The present longitudinal study examined, in a path analysis, whether Time 1 (T1) Korean American adolescents' perceptions of the three separate forms of indirect warmth were positively predicted by T1 maternal reports of supportiveness and demandi

SUBMITTER: Rudy D 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12922488 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature