Single-Particle Characterization Reveals Heterogeneous Extracellular Vesicle Fusion with Liposomes.

ABSTRACT: Fusion of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with liposomes can be used to alter the properties of EVs to enhance their drug delivery capabilities. However, metrics for assessing fusion are not well established. Fusion efficiency, the most frequently provided metric, is often characterized in bulk, clouding distribution of fusion across heterogeneous EV populations, and lacking assessment of more precise physical effects of fusion. Here we applied orthogonal single-particle techniques including nanoparticle-tracking analysis (NTA), resistive-pulse sensing (RPS), nanoscale flow cytometry, interferometric fluorescence imaging, and laser trapping Raman spectroscopy (LTRS), each with different limitations, to examine the effects of fusion. All techniques reduced particle number, while single-particl

SUBMITTER: Mizenko RR 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12922924 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature