DeCAF defines clinical fibroblast subtypes and multidimensional tumor-stroma crosstalk shaping prognosis and immunotherapy response.

ABSTRACT: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) studies have uncovered distinct cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) populations. While useful as a biological framework, no studies have conclusively defined CAF subtypes with clinical significance. We define restraining (rest) and promoting (pro) CAFs in patient samples that are both prognostic and predictive of therapy response in multiple tumor types. We uncover distinct clinical and spatial interactions between pro- and restCAF subtypes and basal-like and classical tumor subtypes that support tumor-stroma crosstalk. Finally, we find striking differences in the immune contexture of pro- and restCAF tumors where restCAF-dominant tumors are more responsive to immune checkpoint inhibition and proCAF-dominant tumors are more responsive to myeloid inhibi

SUBMITTER: Peng XL 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12923980 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature