Mapping spatial inequality: unsafe child feces disposal practices across 707 districts in India.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Unsafe child feces disposal is a recognized public health concern linked to adverse child health outcomes. While previous studies have examined its impact, the spatial heterogeneity and determinants of unsafe child feces disposal in India remain underexplored. This study addresses this research gap by investigating the spatial distribution and key factors influencing unsafe disposal practices across Indian districts.

Method

This study utilized data from the National Family Health Survey-5 (2019-2021) to conduct a comprehensive spatial analysis. Univariate and Bivariate Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) clustering were employed to identify spatial patterns of unsafe child feces disposal. To examine the determinants, a Spatial Error Model (SEM) was appl

SUBMITTER: Rahaman M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12924528 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature