Gut microbiome-driven modulation of the tumor immune microenvironment optimizes dual checkpoint blockade in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Dual checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab plus nivolumab (I-N), with or without chemotherapy, has shown clinical efficacy for treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, its benefits are limited to a subset of patients. The gut microbiome influences immune responses and may impact the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, thus warranting further investigation.

Materials and methods

This prospective study enrolled 50 patients with NSCLC who were treated with I-N, with and without chemotherapy. Gut microbiota diversity and composition were assessed from fecal samples collected before treatment initiation, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were evaluated using multiplex immunofluorescence staining. Progression-free survival (PFS), overal

SUBMITTER: Katayama Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12925553 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature