Comparison Between Direct, Virtual Aided by Clinician and Artificial Intelligence Bonding Techniques in Orthodontics.

ABSTRACT:

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to determine if there are any clinically significant differences between direct, virtual indirect, and artificial intelligence (AI) bonding techniques.

Materials and methods

This in vivo study analysed 840 teeth selected from 14 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with full fixed appliances. Anatomical superimpositions were performed, and data were collected as both numerical values and colour-coded deviation maps to assess the differences between direct, AI, and virtual indirect bonding techniques.

Results

The intraclass correlation coefficient test showed good correlation (0.894). The Kruskal-Wallis comparison showed a statistically significant difference when comparing direct to virtual indirect and direct to AI. Descr

SUBMITTER: ElShebiny T 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12927125 | biostudies-literature | 2025 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature