CSF proteomics identifies ADGRG1 as a predictive biomarker of intrathecal immune checkpoint inhibitor response in leptomeningeal metastasis.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a fatal complication of advanced cancer with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise in systemic disease, but intrathecal ICIs efficacy and immunological impact in LM remain unclear. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics may provide a unique window into the CNS immune microenvironment and enable response prediction.

Methods

We enrolled 62 patients with LM who received intrathecal pemetrexed (InPe) with or without ICIs (InPe+programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), InPe+PD-1+cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), InPe+PD-1+vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)). Matched CSF (pretreatment and post-treatment) and pretreatment serum samples were collected

SUBMITTER: Wang L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12927372 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature