Customizable Fabrication of 2D and Conformal Multielectrode Arrays for 3D Printed Organotypic Bioelectronic Interfaces.

ABSTRACT: Organotypic 3D tissue models require precise electrophysiological interfaces to study function and disease. Multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) are essential for recording and stimulation, yet conventional fabrication methods are costly and time-intensive. This study demonstrates aerosol jet printing (AJP) of gold nanoparticles onto flexible polyimide substrates to produce fully gold, biocompatible MEAs for rapid customization of MEAs. Fabrication time is reduced from ≈320 min (photolithography) to ≈175 min, with minimal material waste. Printed electrodes achieve low impedance (0.05 kΩ µm^{- 2} at 1 kHz) with stable performance over 14 days. Coating with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT/PSS) increases charge injection capacity and maintains stabili

SUBMITTER: Cheah E 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12927529 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature