H⁺ Exchange-Driven ppb-Level and High-Selective Formaldehyde Detection at Room Temperature for Environmental and Clinical Applications.

ABSTRACT: Formaldehyde is both a pervasive air pollutant and a critical breath biomarker for tumor-related diseases, yet its reliable detection remains difficult due to ultralow concentrations and interference from ubiquitous volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, an H⁺-exchange strategy is reported that markedly enhances the sensing performance of sodium titanate (Na₂Ti₃O₇, NTO) by introducing abundant surface hydroxyl groups and tuning conduction pathways. In H⁺-exchanged NTO (H-NTO), hydroxyl groups act as selective adsorption sites for formaldehyde, while formaldehyde adsorption simultaneously suppresses surface-proton and internal-electron conduction by increasing the activation energy for proton hopping and generating electron-trapping states. This dual modul

SUBMITTER: Cai L 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12931182 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature