Cardiovascular mortality associated with testosterone therapy in cisgender women and transgender men: a systematic review.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Testosterone therapy is increasingly prescribed in cisgender women for sexual and metabolic indications and constitutes the cornerstone of gender-affirming hormone therapy in transgender men. However, the nature and certainty of cardiovascular safety evidence supporting testosterone use differ across clinical contexts.

Objective

To synthesize the available evidence on cardiovascular mortality associated with testosterone therapy in cisgender women and transgender men, with specific attention to study design, duration of follow up, and certainty of evidence. This review does not aim to directly compare cardiovascular risk between populations.

Methods

This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and prospectively register

SUBMITTER: Viana DPDC 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12932213 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature