On-Surface Synthesis of Bismuth Monolayers through Ice-Confined Redox Reactions.

ABSTRACT: 2D bismuth possesses a unique combination of properties, such as cryogenic-free quantum spin Hall effects and intrinsic single-element ferroelectricity, making it highly promising for next-generation electronic devices. However, the synthesis of 2D bismuth via exfoliation or direct growth is hindered by the low structural anisotropy of bulk bismuth crystals. To address this challenge, we demonstrate an unprecedented ice-confined bottom-up strategy for growing 2D bismuth. This approach involves kinetically controlled nucleation in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C), followed by redox-driven anisotropic growth within the confined space between ice and aluminum surfaces at -20 °C. The surfactant-free process yields solution-processable crystalline 2D bismuth with micrometer-scale lateral dimensions an

SUBMITTER: He Z 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12933012 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature