Stress and resilience in northern European marine ecosystems.

ABSTRACT: Marine ecosystems are facing multiple pressures from human activities, such as fishing and nutrient inputs from farming and agriculture, compounded by the global effects of climate change. As a result, the ecosystem services that societies depend on are at risk from the cumulative impact of these pressures. To better understand how different ecosystems respond, it is essential to assess their resilience. While predicting ecosystem resilience remains challenging, significant progress has been made in developing methods to measure it. In this study, we assessed resilience in four northern European marine ecosystems: the Icelandic Waters, the Barents Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the North Sea, spanning 3 to 5 decades. "Folded stability landscapes" were constructed for the Baltic and North Sea. Th

SUBMITTER: Llope M 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12933128 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature