Surface Tension Isotherms: Reconceptualizing Adsorption, Self-Assembly, and Micelle Formation via the Fluctuation Theory.

ABSTRACT: Given a surface tension isotherm (i.e., how interfacial free energy changes with the surfactant concentration), can we gain insight into how surfactant molecules interact at the interface and in the bulk solution? Historically, surfactants were modeled to bind onto a uniform interface, before aggregating stoichiometrically at the critical micelle concentration (CMC). However, this simple model contrasts with counterevidence, e.g., premicelles (smaller aggregates below CMC) and aggregate size distribution, necessitating a departure from stoichiometric aggregation models. To this end, a novel theory for surface tension will be established by synthesizing the statistical thermodynamic fluctuation theory for sorption and self-assembly in solution. This theory provides a link between the functi

SUBMITTER: Shimizu S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12937112 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature