Hesperidin Enhances Doxorubicin Efficacy by Modulating Apoptosis- and Migration-Associated Processes in Human Retinoblastoma Cells.

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the therapeutic potential and underlying molecular mechanisms of the citrus flavonoid Hes in combination with the chemotherapeutic agent DOX in human RB cells. Cells were treated with Hes alone or in combination with DOX for 24 and 48 h. Hes significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration and promoted apoptotic cell death, while enhancing the cytotoxic response to DOX under in vitro conditions. Molecular analyses demonstrated that combination treatment markedly modulated ECM-associated markers, including the downregulation of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 and ACTA2 (α-smooth muscle actin, α-SMA), along with the upregulation of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases TIMP-1 (tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases) and TIMP-2. In parallel, the expres

SUBMITTER: Macin A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12937787 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature