Analytical Performance of Nanobody-Based Immunoassay and Immunosensing Platforms for Bacteria and Toxin Detection: A Systematic Review.

ABSTRACT: Background: bacterial pathogens and their toxins present analytical challenges for rapid and specific detection, contributing to over 600 million cases of illness annually and worsening antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Conventional detection methods are useful but limited. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) offer alternative recognition elements with unique biochemical and engineering benefits, enabling the development of nanobody-based immunoassays and biosensing platforms that provide fast, highly selective, and reliable detection of bacterial pathogens and toxins in both food and clinical environments. Objectives: this systematic review assesses the analytical and functional performance of nanobody-based immunoassays and sensing formats for detecting bacteria and toxins acros

SUBMITTER: Jalil A 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12937825 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature