Nanomotor-Driven Extracellular Vesicles With Effective Tissue Penetration for Targeted Therapy of Primary Ovarian Insufficiency.

ABSTRACT: Stem cells and their derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer hope for functional reconstruction and fertility in premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) caused by gonadotoxic drugs. However, the clinical application of EVs is impeded by their instability, limited tissue penetration, and lack of targeted delivery to ovarian injury sites. Here, we introduce an injectable hydrogel loaded with nanomotor-driven EVs (LEVs-Gel) for targeted POI therapy. In the POI ovarian microenvironment, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) are highly expressed, acting as chemoattractants to promote the chemotactic behavior of nanomotors LEVs. The LEVs are loaded in a thermosensitive hydrogel to enhance the retention and stability of EVs at the ovary. Following local injecti

SUBMITTER: Mu Y 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC12949997 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature