Horizontal transfer of erythromycin resistance from Clostridium difficile to Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Spigaglia P
PROVIDER: S-EPMC1315942 | biostudies-literature | 2005 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:UnlabelledIn this work, we show that Clostridium difficile phage ϕC2 transduces erm(B), which confers erythromycin resistance, from a donor to a recipient strain at a frequency of 10(-6) per PFU. The transductants were lysogenic for ϕC2 and contained the erm(B) gene in a novel transposon, Tn6215. This element is 13,008 bp in length and contains 17 putative open reading frames (ORFs). It could also be transferred at a lower frequency by filter mating.ImportanceClostridium difficile is a major human pathogen that causes diarrhea that can be persistent and difficult to resolve using antibiotics. C. difficile is potentially zoonotic and has been detected in animals, food, and environmental samples. C. difficile genomes contain large portions of horizontally acquired genetic elements. The conjugative elements have been reasonably well studied, but transduction has not yet been demonstrated. Here, we show for the first time transduction as a mechanism for the transfer of a novel genetic element in C. difficile. Transduction may also be a useful tool for the genetic manipulation of C. difficile.
| S-EPMC3870246 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Clostridium difficile is a major nosocomial pathogen and the main causative agent of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. The organism produces two potent toxins, A and B, which are its major virulence factors. These are chromosomally encoded on a region termed the pathogenicity locus (PaLoc), which also contains regulatory genes, and is absent in non-toxigenic strains. Here we show that the PaLoc can be transferred from the toxin-producing strain, 630Δerm, to three non-toxigenic strains of different ribotypes. One of the transconjugants is shown by cytotoxicity assay to produce toxin B at a similar level to the donor strain, demonstrating that a toxigenic C. difficile strain is capable of converting a non-toxigenic strain to a toxin producer by horizontal gene transfer. This has implications for the treatment of C. difficile infections, as non-toxigenic strains are being tested as treatments in clinical trials.
| S-EPMC3826655 | biostudies-literature
Project description:A novel tetracycline resistance gene, designated tet(32), which confers a high level of tetracycline resistance, was identified in the Clostridium-related human colonic anaerobe K10, which also carries tet(W). tet(32) was transmissible in vitro to the rumen anaerobe Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens 2221(R). The predicted gene product of tet(32) has 76% amino acid identity with Tet(O). PCR amplification indicated that tet(32) is widely distributed in the ovine rumen and in porcine feces.
| S-EPMC90818 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens forms part of the gastrointestinal microbiome of ruminants and other mammals, including humans. Indeed, it is one of the most common bacteria found in the rumen and plays an important role in ruminal fermentation of polysaccharides, yet, to date, there is no closed reference genome published for this species in any ruminant animal. We successfully assembled the nearly complete genome sequence of B. fibrisolvens strain INBov1 isolated from cow rumen using Illumina paired-end reads, 454 Roche single-end and mate pair sequencing technology. Additionally, we constructed an optical restriction map of this strain to aid in scaffold ordering and positioning, and completed the first genomic structure of this species. Moreover, we identified and assembled the first chromid of this species (pINBov266). The INBov1 genome encodes a large set of genes involved in the cellulolytic process but lacks key genes. This seems to indicate that B. fibrisolvens plays an important role in ruminal cellulolytic processes, but does not have autonomous cellulolytic capacity. When searching for genes involved in the biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids, no linoleate isomerase gene was found in this strain. INBov1 does encode oleate hydratase genes known to participate in the hydrogenation of oleic acids. Furthermore, INBov1 contains an enolase gene, which has been recently determined to participate in the synthesis of conjugated linoleic acids. This work confirms the presence of a novel chromid in B. fibrisolvens and provides a new potential reference genome sequence for this species, providing new insight into its role in biohydrogenation and carbohydrate degradation.
| S-EPMC6249431 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium difficile are responsible for nosocomial infections in humans, in which they inhabit the same niche. Here, we demonstrate transfer of the conjugative transposon Tn5397 from C. difficile 630 to E. faecalis JH2-2, the first reported gene transfer between these two bacteria. Furthermore, transfer from the E. faecalis EF20A transconjugant to the epidemic ribotype 027 C. difficile strain R20291 was also demonstrated. Tn5397 was shown to use a single specific target site in E. faecalis; it also has specific target sites in C. difficile. These experiments highlight the importance of continual monitoring for emerging resistances in these bacteria.
| S-EPMC2976158 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Antibiotic resistance is a serious medical issue driven by antibiotic misuse. Bifidobacteria may serve as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that have the potential risk of transfer to pathogens. The erythromycin resistance gene erm(X) is an ARG with high abundance in bifidobacteria, especially in Bifidobacterium longum species. However, the characteristics of the spread and integration of the gene erm(X) into the bifidobacteria genome are poorly understood. In this study, 10 tetW-positive bifidobacterial strains and 1 erm(X)-positive bifidobacterial strain were used to investigate the transfer of ARGs. Conjugation assays found that the erm(X) gene could transfer to five other bifidobacterial strains. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and vorinostat significantly promoted the transfer of the erm(X) from strain Bifidobacterium catenulatum subsp. kashiwanohense DSM 21854 to Bifidobacterium longum subsp. suis DSM 20211. Whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis revealed that the erm(X) gene was located on the genomic island BKGI1 and that BKGI1 was conjugally mobile and transferable. To our knowledge, this is the first report that a genomic island-mediated gene erm(X) transfer in bifidobacteria. Additionally, BKGI1 is very unstable in B. catenulatum subsp. kashiwanohense DSM 21854 and transconjugant D2TC and is highly excisable and has an intermediate circular formation. In silico analysis showed that the BKGI1 homologs were also present in other bifidobacterial strains and were especially abundant in B. longum strains. Thus, our results confirmed that genomic island BKGI1 was one of the vehicles for erm(X) spread. These findings suggest that genomic islands play an important role in the dissemination of the gene erm(X) among Bifidobacterium species. IMPORTANCE Bifidobacteria are a very important group of gut microbiota, and the presence of these bacteria has many beneficial effects for the host. Thus, bifidobacteria have attracted growing interest owing to their potential probiotic properties. Bifidobacteria have been widely exploited by the food industry as probiotic microorganisms, and some species have a long history of safe use in food and feed production. However, the presence of antibiotic resistance raises the risk of its application. In this study, we analyzed the transfer of the erythromycin resistance gene erm(X) and revealed that the molecular mechanism behind the spread of the gene erm(X) was mediated by genomic island BKGI1. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report to describe the transfer of the gene erm(X) via genomic islands among bifidobacteria. This may be an important way to disseminate the gene erm(X) among bifidobacteria.
| S-EPMC9128502 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The emergence of Clostridium difficile as a significant human diarrheal pathogen is associated with the production of highly transmissible spores and the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors. Unlike the hospital-associated C. difficile RT027 lineage, the community-associated C. difficile RT078 lineage is isolated from both humans and farm animals; however, the geographical population structure and transmission networks remain unknown. Here, we applied whole-genome phylogenetic analysis of 248 C. difficile RT078 strains from 22 countries. Our results demonstrate limited geographical clustering for C. difficile RT078 and extensive coclustering of human and animal strains, thereby revealing a highly linked intercontinental transmission network between humans and animals. Comparative whole-genome analysis reveals indistinguishable accessory genomes between human and animal strains and a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes in the pangenome of C. difficile RT078. Thus, bidirectional spread of C. difficile RT078 between farm animals and humans may represent an unappreciated route disseminating antimicrobial resistance genes between humans and animals. These results highlight the importance of the "One Health" concept to monitor infectious disease emergence and the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes.
| S-EPMC5824051 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens YRB2005
| PRJNA185684 | ENA
Project description:Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens FE2007
| PRJNA185717 | ENA