Reproductive life stages and cognitive outcomes: a systematic review in Latin American and Caribbean women.

ABSTRACT: Reproductive life stages, menopausal symptoms, and hormonal exposures are increasingly recognized as potential determinants of cognitive outcomes in women. However, these associations remain largely understudied in Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) populations. In this systematic review, we identified 18 observational studies published between 2003 and 2025. Of these, 16 were conducted across 13 LAC countries and two were conducted among latina women in the United States. Evidence was organized across four reproductive life stages domains: reproductive history, menopausal hormone therapy use, type of menopause and menopausal symptoms, and postmenopausal factors. Most LAC studies were cross-sectional and demonstrated substantial methodological heterogeneity. Across studies, shorter reprodu

SUBMITTER: Marin-Diaz N 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC13627426 | biostudies-literature | 2026

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature