Key Points of Endoscopic Minimally Invasive Surgery for Gynecomastia Based on Refined Anatomy: A Case Series.

ABSTRACT:

Abstarct

BACKGROUND: Traditional surgical approaches for gynecomastia are associated with significant trauma and insufficient protection of anatomical structures. Currently, endoscopic glandular excision has emerged as the primary treatment modality. A refined anatomical approach for endoscopic minimally invasive surgery is proposed, with evaluation of postoperative complications and aesthetic outcomes.

Methods

This study is a single-center, single-arm prospective investigation that collected and analyzed clinical data from patients who underwent endoscopic mastectomy at The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, aiming to evaluate postoperative complications and patient recovery outcomes with an emphasis on the refined anatomical approach.

Results

A total of 786

SUBMITTER: Zhang W 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC13630970 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Sep

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature