Unraveling the Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Proteome: Predictors of Resistance in Immunotherapy of Advanced Melanoma.

ABSTRACT: Despite substantial clinical benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), advanced melanoma remains challenging due to frequent treatment resistance. Resistance may be intrinsic (primary) or emerge over time (secondary). Biomarkers predicting distinct resistance phenotypes before therapy are lacking. As key mediators of cellular communication, extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent promising biomarkers. This study aimed to identify baseline EV proteome-derived pathways and biomarkers associated with overall, primary, and secondary resistance to ICI in advanced melanoma and to derive biomarker signatures predictive of progression-free survival (PFS). EVs were isolated from pretreatment plasma samples of 46 patients with advanced melanoma using size exclusion chromatography and ultracent

SUBMITTER: Kott J 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC13637063 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature