Versatile TOP Assay Surrogates for Evaluating Oxidation Efficiency in Complex Environmental Samples.

ABSTRACT: Accurate assessment of total per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) contamination remains limited because conventional targeted analyses do not capture unknown precursor compounds. The total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay has been widely used to address this gap; however, previous studies have shown that matrix effects can cause incomplete oxidation of precursors, which can be detected with a stable-isotope labeled oxidation surrogate. Yet, current surrogates are incompatible with EPA Method 1633A. Here, we introduce a new isotopically labeled surrogate system that integrates isotopically labeled surrogates - ¹³C₃-PFHpSA (oxidation surrogate), ¹³C₃-PFHpA (transformation surrogate), and ¹³C₃-PFNA, a stable extraction sur

SUBMITTER: Choyke S 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC13645385 | biostudies-literature | 2026 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature