Volume 77 Assessors
Ontology highlight
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PROVIDER: S-EPMC2077403 | biostudies-literature | 2006 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Chemesthetic compounds, responsible for sensations such as burning, cooling, and astringency, are difficult stimuli to work with, especially when the evaluation task requires retasting. Here, we developed a protocol by which chemesthetic compounds can be assessed using sorting. We compared the performance of two cohorts of untrained assessors on this task, one with nose clips and the other without. Similarity matrices were analyzed using multidimensional scaling (MDS) to produce perceptual maps for the two cohorts. Overall, the groupings from the nose open cohort tended to follow a biological basis, consistent with previous findings that suggest compounds that activate a common receptor will elicit similar sensations. The nose-open and nose-pinched cohorts generated significantly different maps. The nose-pinched cohort had a higher variance in the MDS solution than the nose-open group. While the nose-open cohort generated seven clusters, the nose-pinched cohort generated only two clusters, seemingly based on the ready identification of chemesthetic sensations or not. There was less consensus regarding the attributes used to describe the samples in the nose-pinched cohort than in the nose-open cohort as well, as this cohort collectively generated more attributes but fewer were significant in regression.
| S-EPMC4518850 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundEvaluation of expert assessment of exposure depends, in the absence of a validation measurement, upon measures of agreement among the expert raters. Agreement is typically measured using Cohen's Kappa statistic, however, there are some well-known limitations to this approach. We demonstrate an alternate method that uses log-linear models designed to model agreement. These models contain parameters that distinguish between exact agreement (diagonals of agreement matrix) and non-exact associations (off-diagonals). In addition, they can incorporate covariates to examine whether agreement differs across strata.MethodsWe applied these models to evaluate agreement among expert ratings of exposure to sensitizers (none, likely, high) in a study of occupational asthma.ResultsTraditional analyses using weighted kappa suggested potential differences in agreement by blue/white collar jobs and office/non-office jobs, but not case/control status. However, the evaluation of the covariates and their interaction terms in log-linear models found no differences in agreement with these covariates and provided evidence that the differences observed using kappa were the result of marginal differences in the distribution of ratings rather than differences in agreement. Differences in agreement were predicted across the exposure scale, with the likely moderately exposed category more difficult for the experts to differentiate from the highly exposed category than from the unexposed category.ConclusionsThe log-linear models provided valuable information about patterns of agreement and the structure of the data that were not revealed in analyses using kappa. The models' lack of dependence on marginal distributions and the ease of evaluating covariates allow reliable detection of observational bias in exposure data.
| S-EPMC4506313 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Background and purposeDue to the COVID-19 pandemic, students at the University of Waterloo in spring 2020 enrolled in the injections training curriculum were unable to complete the practical assessment component under the usual in-person model. Therefore, an alternative assessment strategy needed to be adopted to meet these curricular outcomes.Educational activity and settingTo allow students to complete their training and apply this skill during co-operative work placements in fall 2020, pharmacist supervisors (preceptors) who were authorized to administer injections were asked to evaluate the practical assessment on behalf of the university. Students were mailed supplies to use for practice and assessment, and preceptors were provided the grading rubric and a copy of the didactic training materials for their reference. To obtain feedback on the process and identify areas for improvement, students and supervisors were invited to complete a brief survey containing both Likert scale and open-ended questions upon completion of the assessment.FindingsBy fall 2020 term end, 69 of 121 students successfully completed the practical assessment component at a workplace. Survey responses indicated that, despite some challenges accommodating the assessment within a busy pharmacy's existing workflow and identifying volunteers to receive the injections, the modified assessment was well received.SummarySupervisors can be effective adjuncts to in-class instruction and assessment of injection technique. Even when initial assessments can take place at the university, providing supervisors with access to training materials and rubrics can reinforce these skills for students immediately prior to their implementation into practice.
| S-EPMC9760392 | biostudies-literature
Project description: Not available
| S-EPMC11240818 | biostudies-literature
Project description:While recent studies suggest an influence of noise on olfactory performance, it is unclear as to what extent the influence varies between subjects who are accustomed to noise and those who are not. Two groups of panelists were selected: a University panel usually working under silent conditions and an abattoir panel usually working on the slaughter line with abattoir noise. Odor discrimination, odor identification, and odor detection thresholds were studied. Furthermore, a sensory quality control task using 40 boar samples was performed. All tests were accomplished both with and without extraneous noise recorded at an abattoir (70 dB) using headphones. Contrary to the researchers' expectations, abattoir noise hardly affected the olfactory tests nor was the quality control task impaired. Abattoir noise did not influence the perceived intensity of boar taint and the classification results of the testers, regardless of whether they were accustomed to such noise or not. The results indicate that sensory quality control can be conducted in a manufacturing environment with constant noise without diminishing the assessors' performance.
| S-EPMC5381871 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Janthinobacterium sp. 77 strain:77 Genome sequencing
| PRJNA442011 | ENA
Project description:Methylobacterium sp. 77 strain:77 Genome sequencing and assembly
| PRJNA165569 | ENA
Project description:One-Health risk assessments are integral to developing efficient responses to disease threats, including global pandemics. However, short timeframes, inadequate disease-specific information and an insufficient skill-base make it hard for inexperienced assessors to distinguish between a large portfolio of approaches. The wrong choice can detract from the disease response. Here, we present an interactive decision support tool to help with this choice. A workshop with participants from diverse professional backgrounds provided six themes that should be considered when deciding on the best approach. Questions based on these themes were then developed to populate a decision tree which guides users to their most appropriate approach. One-Health risk assessment tools and literature were used as examples of the different approaches. The tool provides links to these examples and short descriptions of the approaches. Answers are easily changed, facilitating exploration though different approaches. The simple data structure of the tool means it is easy to update with more resources and approaches. It provides a valuable source of guidance and information for less experienced risk assessors.
| S-EPMC8141943 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Gene expression profiles of sorted erythroid precursors from E14.5 wild-type (WT) and -77 enhancer knockout (-77-/-) mouse fetal liver were generated by next generation sequencing, in triplicate, using Illumina Hiseq2500 (1X50). We showed that the Gata2 -77 enhancer generated the vital erythroid precursor Burst Forming Unit-Erythroid by two mechanisms, GATA-1 upregulation to establish the erythroid transcriptome and GATA-2-dependent, GATA-1-independent transcriptional regulation.
2017-09-19 | GSE96059 | GEO
Project description:There is evidence for differential stability in personality trait differences, even over decades. The authors used data from a sample of the Scottish Mental Survey, 1947 to study personality stability from childhood to older age. The 6-Day Sample (N = 1,208) were rated on six personality characteristics by their teachers at around age 14. In 2012, the authors traced as many of these participants as possible and invited them to take part in a follow-up study. Those who agreed (N = 174) completed a questionnaire booklet at age 77 years, which included rating themselves and asking someone who knew them well to rate them on the same 6 characteristics on which they were rated in adolescence. Each set of 6 ratings was reduced to the same single underlying factor, denoted dependability, a trait comparable to conscientiousness. Participants' and others' older-age personality characteristic ratings were moderately correlated with each other, and with other measures of personality and wellbeing, but correlations suggested no significant stability of any of the 6 characteristics or their underlying factor, dependability, over the 63-year interval. However, a more complex model, controlling rater effects, indicated significant 63-year stability of 1 personality characteristic, Stability of Moods, and near-significant stability of another, Conscientiousness. Results suggest that lifelong differential stability of personality is generally quite low, but that some aspects of personality in older age may relate to personality in childhood. (PsycINFO Database Record
| S-EPMC5144810 | biostudies-literature