Differential effects of domoic acid and E. coli lipopolysaccharide on tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 release by rat neonatal microglia: evaluation of the direct activation hypothesis.

ABSTRACT: The excitatory amino acid domoic acid is the causative agent of amnesic shellfish poisoning in humans. The in vitro effects of domoic acid on rat neonatal brain microglia were compared with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a known activator of microglia mediator release over a 4 to 24 hour observation period. LPS [3 ng/mL] but not domoic acid [1 mM] stimulated a statistically significant increase in TNF-alpha mRNA and protein generation. Furthermore, both LPS and domoic acid did not significantly affect TGF-beta1 gene expression and protein release. Finally, an in vitro exposure of microglia to LPS resulted in statistically significant MMP-9 expression and release, thus extending and confirming our previous observations. However, in contrast, no statistically significant increase in MMP-9

SUBMITTER: Mayer AM 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2367328 | biostudies-literature | 2007

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature