Retinoids regulate TGFbeta signaling at the level of Smad2 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation.

ABSTRACT: Indirect regulation of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling by retinoids occurs on a long-term timescale, secondary to transcriptional events. Studies by our group show loss of retinoid X receptor (RXR) alpha results in increased TGFbeta2 in the midgestational heart, which may play a role in the cardiac defects seen in this model [S.W. Kubalak, D.R. Hutson, K.K. Scott and R.A. Shannon, Elevated transforming growth factor beta2 enhances apoptosis and contributes to abnormal outflow tract and aortic sac development in retinoic X receptor alpha knockout embryos, Development 129 (2002) 733-746.]. Acute and direct interactions between retinoid and TGFbeta signaling, however, are not clearly understood. Treatment of dispersed hearts and NIH3T3 cells for 1 h with TGFbeta and retinoids

SUBMITTER: Hoover LL 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2596883 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature