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Population-attributable risk estimates for risk factors associated with Campylobacter infection, australia.

ABSTRACT: In 2001-2002, a multicenter, prospective case-control study involving 1,714 participants > or =5 years of age was conducted in Australia to identify risk factors for Campylobacter infection. Adjusted population-attributable risks (PARs) were derived for each independent risk factor contained within the final multivariable logistic regression model. Estimated PARs were combined with adjusted (for the > or =5 years of age eligibility criterion) notifiable disease surveillance data to estimate annual Australian Campylobacter case numbers attributable to each risk factor. Simulated distributions of "credible values" were then generated to model the uncertainty associated with each case number estimate. Among foodborne risk factors, an estimated 50,500 (95% credible interval 10,000-105,500) cases of Campylobacter infection in persons > or =5 years of age could be directly attributed each year to consumption of chicken in Australia. Our statistical technique could be applied more widely to other communicable diseases that are subject to routine surveillance.

SUBMITTER: Stafford RJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2600281 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Population-attributable risk estimates for risk factors associated with Campylobacter infection, australia.

Stafford Russell J RJ Schluter Philip J PJ Wilson Andrew J AJ Kirk Martyn D MD Hall Gillian G Unicomb Leanne L

Emerging infectious diseases 20080601 6

In 2001-2002, a multicenter, prospective case-control study involving 1,714 participants > or =5 years of age was conducted in Australia to identify risk factors for Campylobacter infection. Adjusted population-attributable risks (PARs) were derived for each independent risk factor contained within the final multivariable logistic regression model. Estimated PARs were combined with adjusted (for the > or =5 years of age eligibility criterion) notifiable disease surveillance data to estimate annu ...[more]

PMID: 18507899

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Project description:ImportanceMany established breast cancer risk factors are used in clinical risk prediction models, although the proportion of breast cancers explained by these factors is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the population-attributable risk proportion (PARP) for breast cancer associated with clinical breast cancer risk factors among premenopausal and postmenopausal women.Design, setting, and participantsCase-control study with 1:10 matching on age, year of risk factor assessment, and Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium (BCSC) registry. Risk factor data were collected prospectively from January 1, 1996, through October 31, 2012, from BCSC community-based breast imaging facilities. A total of 18 437 women with invasive breast cancer or ductal carcinoma in situ were enrolled as cases and matched to 184 309 women without breast cancer, with a total of 58 146 premenopausal and 144 600 postmenopausal women enrolled in the study.ExposuresBreast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) breast density (heterogeneously or extremely dense vs scattered fibroglandular densities), first-degree family history of breast cancer, body mass index (>25 vs 18.5-25), history of benign breast biopsy, and nulliparity or age at first birth (≥30 years vs <30 years).Main outcomes and measuresPopulation-attributable risk proportion of breast cancer.ResultsOf the 18 437 women with breast cancer, the mean (SD) age was 46.3 (3.7) years among premenopausal women and 61.7 (7.2) years among the postmenopausal women. Overall, 4747 (89.8%) premenopausal and 12 502 (95.1%) postmenopausal women with breast cancer had at least 1 breast cancer risk factor. The combined PARP of all risk factors was 52.7% (95% CI, 49.1%-56.3%) among premenopausal women and 54.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-54.7%) among postmenopausal women. Breast density was the most prevalent risk factor for both premenopausal and postmenopausal women and had the largest effect on the PARP; 39.3% (95% CI, 36.6%-42.0%) of premenopausal and 26.2% (95% CI, 24.4%-28.0%) of postmenopausal breast cancers could potentially be averted if all women with heterogeneously or extremely dense breasts shifted to scattered fibroglandular breast density. Among postmenopausal women, 22.8% (95% CI, 18.3%-27.3%) of breast cancers could potentially be averted if all overweight and obese women attained a body mass index of less than 25.Conclusions and relevanceMost women with breast cancer have at least 1 breast cancer risk factor routinely documented at the time of mammography, and more than half of premenopausal and postmenopausal breast cancers are explained by these factors. These easily assessed risk factors should be incorporated into risk prediction models to stratify breast cancer risk and promote risk-based screening and targeted prevention efforts.

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Population-attributable risk estimates for risk factors associated with Campylobacter infection, australia.

Publications

Population-attributable risk estimates for risk factors associated with Campylobacter infection, australia.

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