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Presynaptic secretion of mind-the-gap organizes the synaptic extracellular matrix-integrin interface and postsynaptic environments.

ABSTRACT: Mind-the-Gap (MTG) is required during synaptogenesis of the Drosophila glutamatergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) to organize the postsynaptic domain. Here, we generate MTG::GFP transgenic animals to demonstrate MTG is synaptically targeted, secreted, and localized to punctate domains in the synaptic extracellular matrix (ECM). Drosophila NMJs form specialized ECM carbohydrate domains, with carbohydrate moieties and integrin ECM receptors occupying overlapping territories. Presynaptically secreted MTG recruits and reorganizes secreted carbohydrates, and acts to recruit synaptic integrins and ECM glycans. Transgenic MTG::GFP expression rescues hatching, movement, and synaptogenic defects in embryonic-lethal mtg null mutants. Targeted neuronal MTG expression rescues mutant synaptogenesis defects, and increases rescue of adult viability, supporting an essential neuronal function. These results indicate that presynaptically secreted MTG regulates the ECM-integrin interface, and drives an inductive mechanism for the functional differentiation of the postsynaptic domain of glutamatergic synapses. We suggest that MTG pioneers a novel protein family involved in ECM-dependent synaptic differentiation.

SUBMITTER: Rushton E

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2677818 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Presynaptic secretion of mind-the-gap organizes the synaptic extracellular matrix-integrin interface and postsynaptic environments.

Rushton Emma E Rohrbough Jeffrey J Broadie Kendal K

Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists 20090301 3

Mind-the-Gap (MTG) is required during synaptogenesis of the Drosophila glutamatergic neuromuscular junction (NMJ) to organize the postsynaptic domain. Here, we generate MTG::GFP transgenic animals to demonstrate MTG is synaptically targeted, secreted, and localized to punctate domains in the synaptic extracellular matrix (ECM). Drosophila NMJs form specialized ECM carbohydrate domains, with carbohydrate moieties and integrin ECM receptors occupying overlapping territories. Presynaptically secret ...[more]

PMID: 19235718

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Project description:Well designed and optimized epitaxial heterostructures lie at the foundation of materials development for photovoltaic, photocatalytic, and photoelectrochemistry applications. Heterostructure materials offer tunable control over charge separation and transport at the same time preventing recombination of photogenerated excitations at the interface. Thus, it is of paramount importance that a detailed understanding is developed as the basis for further optimization strategies and design. Oxides of copper are nontoxic, low cost, abundant materials with a straightforward and stable manufacturing process. However, in individual applications, they suffer from inefficient charge transport of photogenerated carriers. Hence, in this work, we investigate the role of the interface between epitaxially aligned CuO and Cu2O to explore the potential benefits of such an architecture for more efficient electron and hole transfer. The CuO/Cu2O heterojunction nature, stability, bonding mechanism, interface dipole, electronic structure, and band bending were rationalized using hybrid density functional theory calculations. New electronic states are identified at the interface itself, which are originating neither from lattice mismatch nor strained Cu-O bonds. They form as a result of a change in coordination environment of CuO surface Cu2+ cations and an electron transfer across the interface Cu1+-O bond. The first process creates occupied defect-like electronic states above the valence band, while the second leaves hole states below the conduction band. These are constitutional to the interface and are highly likely to contribute to recombination effects competing with the improved charged separation from the suitable band bending and alignment and thus would limit the expected output photocurrent and photovoltage. Finally, a favorable effect of interstitial oxygen defects has been shown to allow for band gap tunability at the interface but only to the point of the integral geometrical contact limit of the heterostructure itself.

Dataset Information

Presynaptic secretion of mind-the-gap organizes the synaptic extracellular matrix-integrin interface and postsynaptic environments.

Publications

Presynaptic secretion of mind-the-gap organizes the synaptic extracellular matrix-integrin interface and postsynaptic environments.

Similar Datasets

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