Severity of tobacco abstinence symptoms varies by time of day.

ABSTRACT:

Introduction

The time of day in which craving, withdrawal, and other tobacco abstinence symptoms are assessed may moderate the influences of abstinence or medication on those symptoms.

Methods

Participants were 209 smokers participating in a 4-week crossover study assessing symptoms due to smoking versus abstinence and while using nicotine (21 mg) versus placebo patch when abstinent. None was trying to quit permanently during the study. Abstinence was verified daily by a carbon monoxide level of less than 5 ppm. Participants completed craving (two measures), total withdrawal, and positive affect (PA) and negative affect forms three times per day: in the morning, upon arrival at the clinic in the afternoon, and in the evening. All comparisons of the effects of time of day, ab

SUBMITTER: Perkins KA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2734287 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature