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Med8, Med18, and Med20 subunits of the Mediator head domain are interdependent upon each other for folding and complex formation.

ABSTRACT: We have studied folding and complex formation of the yeast Mediator head-module protein subunits Med8, Med18, and Med20. Using a combination of immunoprecipitation, far-UV circular dichroism, and fluorescence measurements on recombinantly expressed and denatured proteins that were allowed to renature separately or in different combinations, we found that Med8, Med18, and Med20 can fold in different ways to form both soluble monomeric proteins and different distinct subcomplexes. However, the concurrent presence of all three protein subunits during the renaturation process is required for proper folding and trimer complex formation.

SUBMITTER: Shaikhibrahim Z

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2781058 | biostudies-literature | 2009 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Med8, Med18, and Med20 subunits of the Mediator head domain are interdependent upon each other for folding and complex formation.

Adler David D Rahaman Hamidur H Wittung-Stafshede Pernilla P Björklund Stefan S

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 20091123 49

We have studied folding and complex formation of the yeast Mediator head-module protein subunits Med8, Med18, and Med20. Using a combination of immunoprecipitation, far-UV circular dichroism, and fluorescence measurements on recombinantly expressed and denatured proteins that were allowed to renature separately or in different combinations, we found that Med8, Med18, and Med20 can fold in different ways to form both soluble monomeric proteins and different distinct subcomplexes. However, the con ...[more]

PMID: 19934057

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Project description:BackgroundThe evolution of altruism has been explained mainly from ultimate perspectives. However, it remains to be investigated from a proximate point of view how and in which situations such social propensity is achieved. We investigated chimpanzees' targeted helping in a tool transfer paradigm, and discuss the similarities and differences in altruism between humans and chimpanzees. Previously it has been suggested that chimpanzees help human experimenters by retrieving an object which the experimenter is trying to reach. In the present study, we investigated the importance of communicative interactions between chimpanzees themselves and the influence of conspecific partner's request on chimpanzees' targeted helping.Methodology/principal findingsWe presented two tool-use situations (a stick-use situation and a straw-use situation) in two adjacent booths, and supplied non-corresponding tools to paired chimpanzees in the two booths. For example, a chimpanzee in the stick-use situation was supplied with a straw, and the partner in the straw-use situation possessed a stick. Spontaneous tool transfer was observed between paired chimpanzees. The tool transfer events occurred predominantly following recipients' request. Even without any hope of reciprocation from the partner, the chimpanzees continued to help the partner as long as the partner required help.Conclusions/significanceThese results provide further evidence for altruistic helping in chimpanzees in the absence of direct personal gain or even immediate reciprocation. Our findings additionally highlight the importance of request as a proximate mechanism motivating prosocial behavior in chimpanzees whether between kin or non-kin individuals and the possible confounding effect of dominance on the symmetry of such interactions. Finally, in contrast to humans, our study suggests that chimpanzees rarely perform acts of voluntary altruism. Voluntary altruism in chimpanzees is not necessarily prompted by simple observation of another's struggle to attain a goal and therefore an accurate understanding of others' desires in the absence of communicative signals.

Dataset Information

Med8, Med18, and Med20 subunits of the Mediator head domain are interdependent upon each other for folding and complex formation.

Publications

Med8, Med18, and Med20 subunits of the Mediator head domain are interdependent upon each other for folding and complex formation.

Similar Datasets

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