Generic and specific adaptive responses of Streptococcus pneumoniae to challenge with three distinct antimicrobial peptides, bacitracin, LL-37, and nisin.

ABSTRACT: To investigate the response of Streptococcus pneumoniae to three distinct antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), bacitracin, nisin, and LL-37, transcriptome analysis of challenged bacteria was performed. Only a limited number of genes were found to be up- or downregulated in all cases. Several of these common highly induced genes were chosen for further analysis, i.e., SP0385-SP0387 (SP0385-0387 herein), SP0912-0913, SP0785-0787, SP1714-1715, and the blp gene cluster. Deletion of these genes in combination with MIC determinations showed that several putative transporters, i.e., SP0785-0787 and SP0912-0913, were indeed involved in resistance to lincomycin and LL-37 and to bacitracin, nisin, and lincomycin, respectively. Mutation of the blp bacteriocin immunity genes resulted in an increased sensiti

SUBMITTER: Majchrzykiewicz JA 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2798553 | biostudies-literature | 2010 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature