Haplotypic variants in DRD2, ANKK1, TTC12, and NCAM1 are associated with comorbid alcohol and drug dependence.

ABSTRACT:

Background

Each gene in the chromosome 11q23 cluster of NCAM1, TTC12, ANKK1, and DRD2 is functionally linked to dopamine in brain. Many association studies of DRD2 and substance dependence (SD), including alcohol dependence (AD) and drug dependence (DD), have been reported; the results have been inconsistent. Recent association studies have considered this cluster more comprehensively, examining the association of SD with several risk variants mapped to the other genes in the cluster. Because comorbid AD with DD (AD+DD) is common, we hypothesized that heterogeneity of the SD diagnoses studied might have contributed to the inconsistency of prior results.

Methods

We conducted 2 separate association studies of AD+DD and AD without DD (AD-only) in 1,090 European-Americans using

SUBMITTER: Yang BZ 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC2975565 | biostudies-literature | 2008 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature