Dataset Information

Nutritional status of iodine in pregnant women in Catalonia (Spain): study on hygiene-dietetic habits and iodine in urine.

ABSTRACT:

Background

It is a priority to achieve an adequate nutritional status of iodine during pregnancy since iodine deficiency in this population may have repercussions on the mother during both gestation and post partum as well as on the foetus, the neonate and the child at different ages. According to the WHO, iodine deficiency is the most frequent cause of mental retardation and irrreversible cerebral lesions around the world. However, few studies have been published on the nutritional status of iodine in the pregnant population within the Primary Care setting, a health care level which plays an essential role in the education and control of pregnant women. Therefore, the aim of the present study is: 1.- To know the hygiene-dietetic habits related to the intake of foods rich in iodine and smoking during pregnancy. 2.- To determine the prevalence of iodine deficiency and the factors associated with its appearance during pregnancy.

Methods/design

We will perform a cluster randomised, controlled, multicentre trial. Randomisation unit: Primary Care Team.

Study population

898 pregnant women over the age of 17 years attending consultation to a midwife during the first trimester of pregnancy in the participating primary care centres.

Outcome measures

consumption of iodine-rich foods and iodine deficiency. Points of assessment: each trimester of the gestation.

Intervention

group education during the first trimester of gestation on healthy hygiene-dietetic habits and the importance of an adequate iodine nutritional status.

Statistical analysis

descriptive analysis of all variables will be performed as well as multilevel logistic regression. All analyses will be done carried out on an intention to treat basis and will be fitted for potential confounding factors and variables of clinical importance.

Discussion

Evidence of generalised iodine deficiency during pregnancy could lead to the promotion of interventions of prevention such as how to improve and intensify health care educational programmes for pregnant women.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01301768.

SUBMITTER: Prieto G

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3061956 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

ACCESS DATA

Publications

Nutritional status of iodine in pregnant women in Catalonia (Spain): study on hygiene-dietetic habits and iodine in urine.

Prieto Gemma G Torres Maria Teresa MT Francés Lidia L Falguera Gemma G Vila Lluis L Manresa Josep María JM Casamitjana Roser R Barrada Juan Ramón JR Acera Amèlia A Guix Dolors D Torrent Anna A Grau Josep J Torán Pere P

BMC pregnancy and childbirth 20110308

<h4>Background</h4>It is a priority to achieve an adequate nutritional status of iodine during pregnancy since iodine deficiency in this population may have repercussions on the mother during both gestation and post partum as well as on the foetus, the neonate and the child at different ages. According to the WHO, iodine deficiency is the most frequent cause of mental retardation and irrreversible cerebral lesions around the world. However, few studies have been published on the nutritional stat ...[more]

PMID: 21385426

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Project description:BackgroundPregnant women are susceptible to iodine deficiency. Most iodine nutritional studies in pregnant women have involved cross-sectional evaluations of iodine status. This prospective observational study was designed to longitudinally follow the iodine status of pregnant women in different trimesters of pregnancy and to assess the demographic characteristics and dietary influences on iodine status.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted at Taipei Veterans General Hospital from March 2019 to July 2022. A total of 211 women were enrolled and each subject was asked to provide a spot urine sample at each trimester. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Dietary habit was assessed via food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) at each trimester.ResultsThe median UICs for the first, second and third trimesters were 156.3 µg/L (interquartile range [IQR]: 100.7-241.1), 146.2 µg/L (84.6-224.4), and 169.9 µg/L (94.4-283.5), respectively. Compared to the first trimester, participants consumed seaweed (p = 0.004 and p < 0.001, respectively), fish (p < 0.001 for both), and prenatal multivitamins (p < 0.001 for both) more frequently during the second and third trimesters. Additionally, an increasing number of women raised their intake of dairy products as their pregnancies progressed. Multivariate analysis indicated a positive association between nulliparity and UIC < 150 µg/L (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 2.258, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.167-4.367, p = 0.02). Additionally, less prenatal iodine-containing multivitamin intake increased the odds of UIC < 150 µg/L across all trimesters (adjusted OR: 2.562, 95% CI: 1.234-5.319; p = 0.01 for the first trimester; adjusted OR: 2.264, 95% CI: 1.167-4.395; p = 0.02 for the second trimester; and adjusted OR: 2.022, 95% CI: 1.031-3.967; p = 0.04 for the third trimester).ConclusionsMild iodine deficiency was observed in the second trimester despite adequate iodine status in the first and third trimesters. Nulliparous women and those not ingesting iodine-containing multivitamins are at greater risk of iodine deficiency, highlighting the need for targeted dietary education and interventions.

Project description:Historically, Iceland has been an iodine-sufficient nation due to notably high fish and milk consumption. Recent data suggest that the intake of these important dietary sources of iodine has decreased considerably. To evaluate the iodine status of pregnant women in Iceland and to determine dietary factors associated with risk for deficiency. Subjects were women (n = 983; 73% of the eligible sample) attending their first ultrasound appointment in gestational weeks 11-14 in the period October 2017-March 2018. Spot urine samples were collected for assessment of urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and creatinine. The ratio of iodine to creatinine (I/Cr) was calculated. Median UIC was compared with the optimal range of 150-249 μg/L defined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Diet was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which provided information on main dietary sources of iodine in the population studied (dairy and fish). The median UIC (95% confidence interval (CI)) and I/Cr of the study population was 89 μg/L (42, 141) and 100 (94, 108) μg/g, respectively. UIC increased with higher frequency of dairy intake, ranging from median UIC of 55 (35, 79) μg/L for women consuming dairy products <1 time per week to 124 (98, 151) μg/L in the group consuming dairy >2 times per day (P for trend <0.001). A small group of women reporting complete avoidance of fish (n = 18) had UIC of 50 (21, 123) μg/L and significantly lower I/Cr compared with those who did not report avoidance of fish (58 (34, 134) μg/g vs. 100 (94, 108) μg/g, P = 0.041). Women taking supplements containing iodine (n = 34, 3.5%) had significantly higher UIC compared with those who did not take supplements (141 (77, 263) μg/L vs. 87 (82, 94), P = 0.037). For the first time, insufficient iodine status is being observed in an Icelandic population. There is an urgent need for a public health action aiming at improving iodine status of women of childbearing age in Iceland.

Project description:BackgroundIodine is one of the crucial micronutrients needed by the human body, and is vitally important during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the iodine status of pregnant women and their knowledge, and practices regarding iodized salt. All participants were enrolled in the Butajira nutrition, mental health and pregnancy (BUNMAP) cohort, Butajira, Ethiopia in February-May, 2019.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 152 pregnant women without hypertension or known thyroid disease before or during pregnancy were randomly selected from the BUNMAP mother to child cohort (n = 832). Spot urine samples were collected to estimate the level of urinary iodine concentration (UIC). Salt samples were also collected from their homes. The Sandall-Kolthoff (S-K) method was used to measure the level of iodine in the urine samples, and iodometric titration was used to measure the level of iodine in the salt. Data was entered and cleaned using Epi-info version 3.5.3 and then exported to SPSS version 20 for further analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associations in the collected data.ResultsThe WHO recommended level of iodine for populations of pregnant women is 150-249 F06Dg/L. The median UIC among pregnant women in this study was 151.2 μg/L [interquartile range (IQR) = 85.5-236.2 F06Dg/L], at the low end of this range. About half (49.65%) of the participants were likely to be iodine deficient. There was a significant association between having a formal job (AOR = 2.56; CI = 1.11-5.96) and iodine sufficiency. Based on a cutoff of >15 ppm (mg/kg), 91.7% (95% CI: 87.2-96.2) of the salts collected from the household had adequate iodine content. The median iodine level of the collected salt samples was 34.9 mg/kg (ppm) (IQR = 24.2-44.6 mg/kg).ConclusionsThe UNICEF 2018 guidelines for adequate iodine nutrition in pregnant women include both a recommended median range of 150-249 μg/L, and an upper limit of 20% on the fraction of the population with UIC below 50 μg/L. Because our study population's median level is 151.2 μg/L and the percentage of pregnant women with urinary iodine concentration of less than 50 μg/L is 9.7% (14/145), the women received adequate iodine nutrition. The availability of adequately iodized salt in households is more than 90%, as recommended by WHO. In light of previous iodine deficiency in this region of Ethiopia, the salt iodization program promotes the health of babies and mothers.

Dataset Information

Nutritional status of iodine in pregnant women in Catalonia (Spain): study on hygiene-dietetic habits and iodine in urine.

Background

Methods/design

Study population

Outcome measures

Intervention

Statistical analysis

Discussion

Trial registration

Publications

Nutritional status of iodine in pregnant women in Catalonia (Spain): study on hygiene-dietetic habits and iodine in urine.

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