Dataset Information

A new species of Simulium (Nevermannia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) from Thailand, with keys to members of the Simulium feuerborni species-group in Thailand.

ABSTRACT: Simulium (Nevermannia) maeaiensesp. n. is described on the basis of female, male, pupal and larval specimens collected from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. This species is assigned to the feuerborni species-group of the subgenus Simulium (Nevermannia), and is distinctive among this species-group in having the female cibarium furnished with numerous dark minute conical processes on the lower part, the female genital fork with a strongly sclerotized horizontal bar on each arm, and six long pupal gill filaments arising nearly at the same level from the common basal stalk and lying in a horizontal plane. Identification keys to seven species of the feuerborni species-group reported from Thailand are provided for females, males, pupae and mature larvae.

SUBMITTER: Hiroyuki T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC3082964 | biostudies-literature | 2011 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A new species of Simulium (Nevermannia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) from Thailand, with keys to members of the Simulium feuerborni species-group in Thailand.

Hiroyuki Takaoka T Wichai Srisuka S

ZooKeys 20110411 89

Simulium (Nevermannia) maeaiensesp. n. is described on the basis of female, male, pupal and larval specimens collected from Chiang Mai Province, Thailand. This species is assigned to the feuerborni species-group of the subgenus Simulium (Nevermannia), and is distinctive among this species-group in having the female cibarium furnished with numerous dark minute conical processes on the lower part, the female genital fork with a strongly sclerotized horizontal bar on each arm, and six long pupal gi ...[more]

PMID: 21594085

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Project description:BackgroundBlack flies are among the most medically and veterinary important insects, as adult females of certain species are the sole vector of Onchocerca volvulus. Here, a new black fly species belonging to the subgenus Asiosimulium Takaoka & Choochote, 2005, is described and formally named as Simulium (Asiosimulium) kittipati sp. nov.MethodsPupae and larvae of black flies were collected from available substrates in the stream from central Thailand. Pupae were individually separated in plastic tubes and maintained until adult flies emerged. The emerged adult flies associated with their pupal exuviae and cocoon as well as mature larvae preserved in 85% ethanol were used to describe the new species based on an integrated approach of morphological examination and molecular analysis of the COI gene.ResultsThe new species is characterized in the female by the medium-long sensory vesicle with a medium-sized opening apically, scutum with three faint longitudinal vittae, and the ellipsoidal spermatheca; in the male by the number of upper-eye (large) facets in 20 vertical columns and 21 horizontal rows, hind basitarsus slender, nearly parallel-sided, and median sclerite much wider and upturned apically; in the pupa by the head and thoracic integument densely covered with tiny tubercles, and the pupal gill of arborescent type with 28-30 filaments; and in the larva by the postgenal cleft deep, nearly reaching the posterior margin of the hypostoma, and dark pigmented sheath of the subesophageal ganglion. The DNA barcode successfully differentiated the new species from its congeners with an interspecific genetic divergence of 1.74-18.72%, confirming the morphological identification that the species is a new member of the subgenus Asiosimulium. Phylogenetic analyses also indicated that the new species is genetically closely related to Simulium phurueaense Tangkawanit, Wongpakam & Pramual, 2018, further supporting its morphological classification.ConclusionsThis is the ninth species assigned to the subgenus Asiosimulium within the genus Simulium Latreille, 1802. Taxonomic notes and identification keys are given to distinguish this new species from the eight known species members in its same subgenus. Additionally, a distribution map of all species members in this subgenus occurring in Thailand and other countries is provided.

Project description:BackgroundFast and reliable species identification of black flies is essential for research proposes and effective vector control. Besides traditional identification based on morphology, which is usually supplemented with molecular methods, geometric morphometrics (GM) has emerged as a promising tool for identification. Despite its potential, no specific GM techniques have been established for the identification of black fly species.MethodsAdult female black flies collected using human bait, as well as those reared from pupae, were used in this study. Here, landmark-based GM analysis of wings was assessed for the first time to identify human-biting black fly species in Thailand, comparing this approach with the standard morphological identification method and DNA barcoding based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. To explore genetic relationships between species, maximum likelihood (ML) and neighbor-joining (NJ) phylogenetic trees were built. Additionally, three different methods of species delimitation, i.e., assemble species by automatic partitioning (ASAP), generalized mixed yule coalescent (GMYC), and single Poisson tree processes (PTP), were utilized to identify the morphologically defined species. The effectiveness of a COI barcode in identifying black fly species was further examined through the best match (BM) and best close match (BCM) methods.ResultsSeven black fly species, namely Simulium tenebrosum Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung, 2018 (complex), S. doipuiense Takaoka & Choochote, 2005 (complex), S. nigrogilvum Summers, 1911, S. nodosum Puri, 1933, S. asakoae Takaoka & Davies, 1995, S. chamlongi Takaoka & Suzuki, 1984, and S. umphangense Takaoka, Srisuka & Saeung, 2017 were morphologically identified. Compared with the standard method, the GM analysis based on wing shape showed high success in separating species, achieving an overall accuracy rate of 88.54%. On the other hand, DNA barcoding surpassed wing GM for species identification with a correct identification rate of 98.57%. Species delimitation analyses confirmed the validity of most nominal species, with an exception for S. tenebrosum complex and S. doipuiense complex, being delimited as a single species. Moreover, the analyses unveiled hidden diversity within S. asakoae, indicating the possible existence of up to four putative species.ConclusionsThis study highlights the potential of wing GM as a promising and reliable complementary tool for species identification of human-biting black flies in Thailand.

Dataset Information

A new species of Simulium (Nevermannia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) from Thailand, with keys to members of the Simulium feuerborni species-group in Thailand.

Publications

A new species of Simulium (Nevermannia) (Diptera, Simuliidae) from Thailand, with keys to members of the Simulium feuerborni species-group in Thailand.

Similar Datasets

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